Electron density and electric field over Resolute Bay and<i>F</i>region ionospheric echo detection with the Rankin Inlet and Inuvik SuperDARN radars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Joint observations of the Rankin Inlet and Inuvik Super Dual Auroral Radar Network HF radars and Resolute Bay (RB) Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde are used to assess the electron density at the F region peak and the electric field magnitude as factors affecting echo detection over RB. We demonstrate that the radars show similar diurnal and seasonal variations in ionospheric echo occurrence. During nighttime and at radar frequencies of ∼12 MHz, optimum densities for both radars are shown to be ∼ 1.4 × 105 cm-3, ∼1.8 × 105 cm-3, and ∼2.0 × 105 cm-3 for winter, equinox, and summer, respectively. During daytime, optimum densities are larger by (0.2 - 0.3) × 105 cm-3. Observations at lower radar frequencies of ∼10 MHz show smaller required densities during nighttime, by ∼0.3 × 105 cm-3. Optimum electric fields for the moments of echo detection over RB are found to be 5-25 mV/m with no clear threshold effect and any seasonal dependence. The presented data suggest that for echo detection, favorable propagation conditions along the entire path of radio waves toward the scattering volume are important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".