Electron density and electric field over Resolute Bay and<i>F</i>region ionospheric echo detection with the Rankin Inlet and Inuvik SuperDARN radars
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Joint observations of the Rankin Inlet and Inuvik Super Dual Auroral Radar Network HF radars and Resolute Bay (RB) Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde are used to assess the electron density at the F region peak and the electric field magnitude as factors affecting echo detection over RB. We demonstrate that the radars show similar diurnal and seasonal variations in ionospheric echo occurrence. During nighttime and at radar frequencies of ∼12 MHz, optimum densities for both radars are shown to be ∼ 1.4 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>, ∼1.8 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>, and ∼2.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> for winter, equinox, and summer, respectively. During daytime, optimum densities are larger by (0.2 - 0.3) × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. Observations at lower radar frequencies of ∼10 MHz show smaller required densities during nighttime, by ∼0.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. Optimum electric fields for the moments of echo detection over RB are found to be 5-25 mV/m with no clear threshold effect and any seasonal dependence. The presented data suggest that for echo detection, favorable propagation conditions along the entire path of radio waves toward the scattering volume are important.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it