Impact of technology scaling on CMOS RF devices and circuits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the RF/microwave performance of CMOS technology is examined as a function of the gate length. The following CMOS technologies are characterized and compared: 0.18 /spl mu/m, 0.25 /spl mu/m, 0.35 /spl mu/m, 0.5 /spl mu/m and 0.8 /spl mu/m. The unity current gain frequency scales as one over the effective gate length. The minimum noise figure is less than 1.5 dB at 2.0 GHz for gate lengths less than 0.5 /spl mu/m for both nMOS and pMOS transistors. The total device width required for conjugate noise matching is 400 /spl mu/m and 50 /spl mu/m for the 0.8 /spl mu/m and 0.18 /spl mu/m gate length, respectively. The current required for a 1.9 GHz cascode LNA is 15 mA and 2.7 mA for the 0.5 /spl mu/m and 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS processes, respectively. This reduction in current is due to the fact that g/sub m//I/sub ds/ for a 0.18 /spl mu/m process is 25 V/sup -1/ whereas it is equal to 5 V/sup -1/ for a 0.5 /spl mu/m process. The advantage of using pMOS transistors is illustrated in a 1 volt RF front-end receiver.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".