Raman tags derived from dyes encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes for Raman imaging of biological samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work reports recent advances in Raman imaging of biological samples tagged with a new contrast agent made of dyes encapsulated inside a single-walled carbon nanotube (dyes@SWNT). By capitalizing on the enhanced cross-section in Raman of the dyes@SWNT, we first demonstrate their use as multispectral Raman tags for imaging. Simple chemical modifications to the nanotubes' sidewall using functionalized polyethylene glycol are shown to provide good dispersion in water media and selective attachment to biological materials. Multicolors tagging, bio-labelling, as well as protein assay applications are also demonstrated. This work presents a thorough characterization of these new tags for biological imaging and highlights new demonstrations of their use in two colors multiplexing. Optical and Raman multiplexed images of Candida albicans (upper left and center, respectively) labelled with two different dyes@SWNT-PEG-NH2 (schematic representation, right), each tag presents a fingerprint band that is specific to the encapsulated dyes (bottom).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".