Twenty-year results of the Hancock II bioprosthesis.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The Hancock II bioprosthesis (HII) has several design features designed to increase its durability. The study aim was to determine very long-term outcomes for the HII valve in a large patient population. METHODS: Long-term follow up was obtained by mail and/or telephone questionnaire of patients undergoing HII valve replacement surgery between 1982 and 2001 (n = 1,569). Follow up was complete on 1,568 patients (99.9%), and ranged from 0 to 250 months. RESULTS: Isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) was performed in 1,010 patients and mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 559. The average (+/- SD) age of patients was 67 +/- 11 years, and 65% were males. Long-term death occurred in 445 AVR patients and 275 MVR patients, of which 11% and 17%, respectively, were valve-related. Twenty-year freedom from thromboembolism (all results actuarial) was 79 +/- 3% after AVR and 83 +/- 3% after MVR; freedom from endocarditis was 91 +/- 5% and 85 +/- 5%, respectively. Twenty-year freedom from structural valve deterioration (SVD) was 73 +/- 16% and 39 +/- 9% in AVR patients aged > or = 65 years and < 65 years, respectively. Similarly, 20-year freedom from SVD was 59 +/- 11% and 27 +/- 9% in MVR patients aged > or = 65 years and < 65 years, respectively. When actual statistical techniques were applied (cumulative incidence), 20-year actual risk of SVD was 18 +/- 3% in all AVR patients and 23 +/- 3% in all MVR patients. Reoperation was required in 72 AVR patients, and was valve-related in 60. A total of 49 MVR patients underwent reoperation; 48 of these were valve-related. CONCLUSION: The Hancock II bioprosthesis continues to show very good long-term results and durability, particularly in patients aged over 65 years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".