Blood shift during cough in healthy subjects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Double Body Plethysmography (DBP), which combines total body plethysmography and opto-electronic Plethysmography, has been recently developed to measure the amount of blood displaced from the thorax to the extremities (Aliverti et al, PLoS One. 2009). By using DBP, we have recently shown that significant blood shifts (BS) occur during expulsive maneuvers and that abdominal pressure controls the outflow of blood from the splanchnic vasculature (Aliverti et al, J Appl Physiol, 2010). We hypothesized that also during cough a significant amount of blood can be displaced from the trunk to the extremities. We studied 7 healthy subjects (age: 28.6±2.5 yrs) during series of voluntary coughs at four different operating volumes: functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC) and two intermediate volumes between FRC and TLC (namely, FRC+ and FRC++). BS from the thorax to the extremities were measured by DBP during quiet breathing and during cough at each operating lung volume. The results are shown in figure. BS during cough resulted significantly higher than during QB (p These findings might help to better understand the cardiopulmonary interactions during cough and the mechanism by which coughing during asystolic cardiac arrest can maintain consciousness in human subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".