Mortality Trends in Crohnʼs Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mortality rates greater than in the general population have been reported in the population with Crohn's disease (CD), but reports for ulcerative colitis (UC) are conflicting. Trends with time were rarely described. We aimed to assess whether CD and UC mortality in Québec differs from that in the general population and to describe the trends over a 10-year observation period. METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study using the Québec administrative health databases and death certificates registry. All-cause and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed for 1999 to 2008. A time trend analysis was used to assess changes in the SMR with the calendar year. RESULTS: All-cause mortality was significantly increased in CD and UC compared to the general population: SMR: CD 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.34-1.58), UC 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.32). In CD, mortality from digestive conditions, all neoplasms, digestive neoplasms, and colorectal, lymphatic, and lung cancer was significantly higher than in the general population. In UC, mortality from digestive, respiratory, and infectious conditions was also significantly increased. In both CD and UC, there was a decrease with time in all-cause SMRs and in digestive conditions, digestive neoplasms, colorectal cancer, and infectious diseases. SMRs for lung cancer and respiratory conditions increased over time in CD. CONCLUSIONS: All-cause mortality was significantly higher in CD and UC populations than in the general population. However, a decreasing trend with time was observed in all-cause and some cause-specific SMRs. In CD, SMRs for lung cancer and respiratory conditions increased during the observation period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".