Bibliographic record
Abstract
At first glance, two phonemes such as /r/ and /d/ do not seem likely candidates to share a great deal of phonetic similarity.In near-natural speech where articulatory reduction is expected, though, /d/ realized as [ ] (a flap/tap) is commonplace in a number of languages including Japanese.Japanese /r/, or more properly / / , is largely considered to be an alveolar or post-alveolar tap subject to a wide degree of phonetic variability (e.g.Vance 1987;Akamatsu 1997) .Alongside canonical [ ] realizations, variants of /r/ in Japanese can include the lateral flap [ ] , lateral-and rhotic approximants [ , l] (Okada 1999; Amanuma et al. 2004) as well as what Hattori (1951) calls a 'weak [d]' ( or 'weak plosive' in Kawakami 1977; see also Vance, 1987).The weak plosive variant o f /r/ is generally discussed as a positional variant, occurring word-initially or following a pause.This author's earlier auditory-phonetic work with a corpus o f extemporaneous (Kansai) Japanese dialogue suggested (Magnuson 2008) that variation may also in part be individual.That is, in one conversational dyad each speaker's pattern of phonetic realization of /r/ differed widely.One speaker ('JFB') produced taps which included transients akin to the release bursts o f stops (i.e., 'weak plosives'), while the other speaker ('JFA') produced a number of these alongside a variety of taps as well as lateral-and rhotic approximants.This paper acoustically re-examines the same dataset to explore the hypothesis that the speaker who produced more plosive-like /r/s (JFB) would lengthen her phonetic realizations o f /d/ so as to avoid neutralizing her /r, d/ contrast.The conclusion arrived at is that this speaker does use duration to augment the contrast, but she does so by reducing the length of /r/ as opposed to lengthening /d/.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".