Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) are adverse drug reactions that are not related to the known pharmacological properties of the drug occur in only a small percentage of the population and do not show any apparent dose–response relationship. The unpredictable nature of IDRs together with the often serious adverse effects encountered pose a major health concern in the development and clinical usage of pharmaceuticals. The mechanism of IDRs is not clearly understood, and although several theories have been proposed, IDRs can be generally categorized mechanistically as either immune mediated or non‐immune‐mediated. There is circumstantial evidence that suggests that most idiosyncratic reactions are hypersensitivity reactions initiated by the formation of chemically reactive metabolites that bind to proteins and induce an immune‐mediated response. Investigations in animal models have had limited success owing to the unpredictability of IDRs in animals, which is similar to the situation in humans. However, IDRs in animals do share some similar characteristics and mechanisms observed in humans supporting the need for further study of animal models.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".