Adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical Cushing's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adrenal incidentaloma has become a frequent clinical dilemma. Even in the absence of specific clinical features of Cushing's syndrome, adrenocortical incidentalomas may display steroid secretory activity at different degrees. The recognition of endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions associated with subclinical hypercortisolism leads to current awareness about its potential consequences. RECENT FINDINGS: Different protocols and threshold values to define normal cortisol secretion and diagnosis of subclinical Cushing's syndrome have been proposed, including recent practice guidelines for the diagnosis of overt Cushing's syndrome. Follow-up studies have provided additional data about the natural course of the disease and related cardiovascular and metabolic consequences. The study of bilateral adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia in some familial cases offers a new approach to understanding the spectrum of subclinical cortisol hypersecretion. SUMMARY: The prevalence of subclinical hypercortisolism may be higher than previously reported as more sensitive diagnostic criteria are now recommended. The absence of a single gold standard test, the diversity of diagnostic criteria and the requirement of subsequent meticulous biochemical evaluations before a decision for treatment represent a challenge for the clinical management of this condition.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it