The Research on Weak Alkali ASP Compound Flooding System for Shengli Heavy Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to avoid the disadvantages caused by strong alkali used in enhanced oil recovery, sodium metaborate was compounded with nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyoxyethlene polyoxypropylene ether sulfate and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide for the first time as a chemical displacement agent for Shengli heavy oil. The interfacial tension between crude oil and aqueous solutions, emulsification tests, microscopic displacement properties and sandpack flooding were investigated. It can be observed that the interfacial tension was reduced to ultra-low value due to the synergy effect between the weak alkali and surfactant. The microscopic displacement tests showed that there was an optimum surfactant concentration for alkali-surfactant flooding system to obtain larger sweep efficiency. And the recovery efficiency can be further increased by addition of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. The oil recovery increased with the increasing of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide concentration. The newly designed compound system was proven to have the application potential on pilot tests. Key words : Weak alkali; Sodium metaborate; Compound flooding system; Nonylphenol polyoxyethlene polyoxypropylene ether sulfate; Heavy oil
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".