Health as a Component of Human Capital Formation: Does it Matter for the Growth of the Nigerian Economy?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper tries to examine whether health as a component of human capital matters for the growth of the Nigerian economy. The study employs annual time series data from 1970 to 2009. The unit root test result indicates that all the variables except one were stationary at first difference, which also implies a I(1) while the result of the cointegration analysis reveals six cointegrating equations. Accordingly, the study employs the error correction mechanism which helps to determine the short run dynamics of the cointegrated variables towards their equilibrium. The results of the study show that health expenditure is positive and statistically significant but the coefficients of the second and third lags are negative and statistically significant. Infant mortality is significant and has negative coefficient. Life expectancy is positive and statistically significant at the first difference and difference of the second lag. The control variables such as gross fixed capital formation, education expenditure and labour force were all significant. The ECM variable is negative, less than one in absolute term and statistically significant with the coefficient of 40%, implying that the speed of adjustment or convergence to equilibrium is 40%. The model demonstrates a good fit. This is evident from the adjusted R2 of 97%, showing that the explanatory power of the model is strong with the independent variables explaining 97 percent of variation in gross domestic product. The Durbin-Watson statistic of 3.15 falls within the acceptable range of no autocorrelation. The main conclusion from the study is that health as a component 1 of human capital formation matters for the growth of the Nigerian economy. The policy implication of the study is that the Nigerian government should in addition to increasing expenditure on health put in place mechanism to monitor how effectively such funds are utilized for the purposes for which they are meant. All efforts as a matter of fact should also be geared towards combating the menace of communicable diseases such as HIV/ AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis in order to improve the health status of the population, reduce infant mortality and improve life expectancy. Key words: Human capital; Economic growth; Health; Life expectancy Resume: Cet article tente d'examiner si la sante est une composante comme le capital humain pour la croissance de l'economie nigerienne. L'etude emploie des donnees annuelles sur des series chronologiques de 1970 a 2009. Le resultat du test de racine unitaire indique que toutes les variables sauf une etaient stationnaires au premier abord difference, ce qui implique egalement un I (1) tandis que le resultat de l'analyse de cointegration revele six equations de cointegration. En consequence, l'etude utilise le mecanisme de correction d'erreur qui aide a determiner la dynamique a court terme des variables cointegrees vers leur equilibre. Les resultats des l'etude montrent que les depenses de sante est positif et statistiquement significatif, mais les coefficients des decalages deuxieme et troisieme sont negatifs et statistiquement significatifs. mortalite infantile est importante et a coefficient negatif. esperance de vie est positif et statistiquement significatif a la premiere difference et la difference des lag secondes. Les variables de controle telles que la formation brute de capital fixe, les depenses d'education et de la population active etaient tous significatifs. La variable ECM est negatif, moins d'un terme absolu et statistiquement significative avec le coefficient de 40%, ce qui implique que la vitesse d'ajustement ou de convergence vers l'equilibre est de 40%. Le modele montre un bon ajustement. Ceci est evident a partir du R2 ajuste de 97%, montrant que le pouvoir explicatif du modele est forte avec les variables independantes expliquent 97 pour cent de la variation du produit interieur brut. La statistique de Durbin-Watson de 3,15 se situe dans la fourchette acceptable d'absence d'autocorrelation. La principale conclusion de l'etude est que la sante comme une composante de la formation du capital humain des questions pour la croissance de l'economie nigeriane. L'implication politique de l'etude est que la gouvernement nigerian devrait, en plus d'augmenter les depenses de sante mis en place un mecanisme pour surveiller l'efficacite de tels fonds sont utilises aux fins pour lesquelles ils sont destines. Tous les efforts comme une question de fait doivent egalement etre orientees vers la lutte contre la menace de maladies transmissibles telles que le VIH / sida, le paludisme et la tuberculose afin d'ameliorer l'etat de sante de la population, reduire la mortalite infantile et ameliorer l'esperance de vie. Mots-cles: Capital humain; Croissance economique; Sante; Esperance de vie
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".