Pine stumps in Irish peats: is their occurrence a valid proxy climate indicator?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) stumps preserved in peat deposits to test whether their occurrence can be used as an indicator of climatic shifts to drier conditions. Radiocarbon dates of sub‐fossil stumps were collected from the literature, along with environmental data throughout the island of Ireland. Data were analysed using non‐parametric statistical techniques. There was no distinct geographical pattern observed in the distribution of pine stumps on bog surfaces. Tree ages ranged from 66 to 500 years with 85.7 % of these <300 years. Pines occurred on bogs from ca. 8500 to 500 cal a BP. The temporal distribution during the Holocene was characterized as a mid‐Holocene peak in sites supporting pine, with two gaps either side of this peak. Our current understanding of past climate dynamics failed to explain this temporal distribution. The onset, mid‐Holocene peak and cessation of bog sites supporting the presence of bog pines appears to be driven by changes in pine seed and bog surface area availability during the Holocene rather than changes in climate. We conclude that variability in the occurrence of Irish bog pines is not a valid climate proxy as factors other than climate influence their presence and thereby disrupt the climate signals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".