Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams of Materials

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Notation Gibbs Energy and Equilibrium Gibbs Energy Chemical Equilibrium Predominance Diagrams Calculation of Predominance Diagrams Ellingham Diagrams as Predominance Diagrams Discussion of Predominance Diagrams Thermodynamics of Solutions Gibbs Energy of Mixing Chemical Potential Tangent Construction Gibbs–Duhem Equation Relative Partial Properties Activity Ideal Raoultian Solutions Excess Properties Activity Coefficient Multicomponent Solutions Binary Phase Diagrams Systems with Complete Solid and Liquid Miscibility Thermodynamic Origin of Phase Diagrams Pressure–Composition Phase Diagrams Minima and Maxima in Two‐Phase Regions Miscibility Gaps Simple Eutectic Systems Regular Solution Theory Thermodynamic Origin of Simple Phase Diagrams Illustrated by Regular Solution Theory Immiscibility–Monotectics Intermediate Phases Limited Mutual Solubility–Ideal Henrian Solutions Geometry of Binary Phase Diagrams Application of Thermodynamics to Phase Diagram Analysis Thermodynamic/Phase Diagram Optimization Polynomial Representation of Excess Properties Least‐Squares Optimization Calculation of Metastable Phase Boundaries Ternary and Multicomponent Phase Diagrams The Ternary Composition Triangle Ternary Space Model Polythermal Projections of Liquidus Surfaces Ternary Isothermal Sections Topology of Ternary Isothermal Sections Ternary Isopleths (Constant Composition Sections) Quasi‐Binary Phase Diagrams Multicomponent Phase Diagrams Nomenclature for Invariant Reactions Reciprocal Ternary Phase Diagrams Phase Diagrams with Potentials as Axes General Phase Diagram Geometry General Geometrical Rules for All True Phase Diagram Sections Zero Phase Fraction Lines Choice of Axes and Constants of True Phase Diagrams Tie‐lines Corresponding Phase Diagrams Theoretical Considerations Other Sets of Conjugate Pairs Solution Models Sublattice Models All Sublattices Except One Occupied by Only One Species Ionic Solutions Interstitial Solutions Ceramic Solutions The Compound Energy Formalism Non‐Stoichiometric Compounds Polymer Solutions Calculation of Limiting Slopes of Phase Boundaries Short‐Range Ordering Long‐Range Ordering Calculation of Ternary Phase Diagrams From Binary Data Minimization of Gibbs Energy Phase Diagram Calculation Bibliography Phase Diagram Compilations Thermodynamic Compilations General Reading

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