The Effect of Active substance in the crude oil on the Interfacial Tension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of active substance on the interfacial tension of an alkali/inorganic salt/synthetic surfactants/ crude oil system was studied, through the ways of contact time, infrared scan and mass analysis. This system consisted of heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydrate and Daqing crude oil. The result of the experiment indicate that active substance diffusion from oil/aqueous interface to aqueous phase and finally the process of diffusion has a equilibrium in the system with the prolonging of the contact time. At the same time,the value of the minimum IFT and the value of equilibrium IFT rises with the prolonging of the contact time and has a linear relationship between IFT and t-1/2 when IFT value approaching the minimum and after the minimum, the process is diffusion controlled. The oil and aqueous phase had been analysed by infrared scan and mass analysis, and then the phenomenon have been found that the content of active substance in the oil decreased and the content of active substance in the aqueous increased after alkali had a reaction with compound system. It is proved that the active substances in the oil play a very important role for reducing the IFT. Key words: contact time; diffusion action; alkali; interfacial tension
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".