Rheological and chemical characteristics of warm mix asphalt binders at intermediate and low performance temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Warm asphalt has been gaining increasing popularity in recent years around the world due to many reasons including the energy reductions and environmental benefits. In the present study, the objective was to conduct a laboratory investigation of rheological properties of eight binders with four non-foaming warm mix asphalt (WMA) additives at intermediate and low performance temperatures in terms of Superpave low temperature test criteria. The conventional testing procedures such as dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR) test as well as specific Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to determine the influences of non-foaming additives on asphalt binders after a long-term aging procedure. The test results indicated that the binder type and source play key roles in determining the G*sin δ values of WMA binders with the non-foaming WMA additive. All eight binders containing Sasobit generally have higher creep stiffness values compared to the binders with other WMA additives. The FTIR tests illustrated that the absorbance of the C-O stretch and C-H bend regions of the WMA binders after a short and long-term aging procedure can be considered similar. Moreover, the WMA binders generally exhibit better performance properties than control binders at intermediate and low temperatures after a long-term aging procedure. Furthermore, FTIR analysis results indicate that the binder type and source play important roles in determining the rheological properties of WMA binders.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".