Morphological and Physico-Thermal Properties of Soy-Based Open-Cell Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation Modified With Wood Pulp Fiber
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Replacing polyether and polyester polyols with soy-based vegetable oil, using water as a blowing agent, would provide environmentally friendlier spray foam insulations, making buildings safer places to live in. The objective of this work was to produce sustainable open-cell spray polyurethane foam insulation from soy-based polyol and enhance its properties by incorporation of wood pulp fiber. The effect of wood fiber in composite foam was investigated in terms of its morphology by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The changes in foam properties such as bulk density, compressive strength, water vapor permeability and thermal resistance were observed. Addition of fiber as reinforcement improved bulk density, moisture permeability and thermal degradation, but slightly reduced the comprehensive strength and thermal resistance of the insulation foam. Key words : Spray foam; Polyol; Isocyanate; Wood fiber; Hydrogen bonding; Polyurethane; Urethane; Urea; Hard segment; Open-cell
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".