Does Social Embeddedness Influence Union Formation Choices among the Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in The Netherlands?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the influence of contact outside one’s own ethnic group on four different aspects of union formation among the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in the Netherlands. Non-co-ethnic networks offer potentially different views on union formation compared to the families of origin and may thus be relevant for the choices young adults make in this domain. We distinguish between strong ties (close non-co-ethnic friends) and weak ties (ethnic composition of secondary school) and study the effects of these types of ties on four aspects of union formation, namely the timing of starting a first union, the timing of first marriage, the type of union (marriage versus cohabitation) and the ethnic origin of the partner. Using data from “The Integration of the European Second Generation” (TIES) survey for the Netherlands collected in 2007, we find that a higher level of embeddedness into non-co-ethnic networks, in particular having many close friends, influences each of the four union formation choices studied. Weak ties affect the timing of a first union and a first marriage. Effects of weak ties were not found for other aspects of union formation. These results points to the importance of social actors outside the family. Our findings suggest that in particular strong ties with non-co-ethnics are relevant for union formation choices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".