Morphological and molecular diversity of the wild carrot <i>Daucus pusillus</i>: implications for classification and ex situ conservation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Daucus pusillus Michx. and Daucus montevidensis Link ex Spreng. are wild carrots from the Americas with unresolved taxonomic status. An investigation was carried out with accessions of D. pusillus and (or) D. montevidensis from Argentina for (i) morphological and molecular (amplified fragments length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR)) characterization, (ii) analysis of congruence of morphological and molecular variation, and (iii) comparison of diversity for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with that reported for a North American accession of D. pusillus. Twelve accessions of D. pusillus and (or) D. montevidensis — representing their geographical distribution in Argentina — and one accession each of wild Daucus carota L. and Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult. — as outgroups — were included. In the multivariate analysis of morphological diversity, two accessions were clearly differentiated; this result is not sustained by multivariate analysis of molecular diversity. Based on multivariate and molecular variance (AMOVA) analyses, D. pusillus and (or) D. montevidensis accessions were separated at the molecular level into two groups, associated with geographical origin. Because this result is not supported by morphology, the segregation into two taxa seems unjustified. In all accessions, ITS and 5.8S rDNA regions had identical sequences, which differ in one nucleotide from the corresponding sequence of the North American accession. According to the combined results, D. pusillus would be a single taxon distributed from North to South America, and D. montevidensis a nomenclatural synonym. Autogamy of D. pusillus and its highly structured genetic diversity (Fst = 0.86) allows the application of a geographically targeted approach for germplasm exploration, conservation and eventual use in pre-breeding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".