Development of the Child's Challenging Behaviour Scale (CCBS) for mothers of school‐aged children with disabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Caring for a child with a disability can be especially difficult when the child exhibits challenging behaviours. Childhood disability often calls for the mother to be conscientious, capable and organized to meet the child's health and developmental needs. Mothers are known to feel particularly stressed when their child also behaves in ways that are difficult to manage. In these circumstances maternal mental health may be compromised and mothers therefore need more support. The Child's Challenging Behaviour Scale (CCBS) is an 11-item scale that measures a mother's report of challenging behaviours exhibited by their child with disability, that are associated with compromised maternal mental health and caregiving difficulties. This paper describes the initial development and psychometric evaluation of the CCBS. METHODS: A mixed methodology instrument design model was used to develop the CCBS. A qualitative study generated items, and quantitative data were collected from 152 mothers of a child with a disability. RESULTS: The CCBS showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and factor analysis supported its unidimensionality. Construct validity was supported by correlations with the PedsQL Psychosocial Health Summary Score (rho =-0.51) and cooperation taking medication (rho = 0.40). There were significant differences in CCBS scores between groups of children with and without either autism or psychiatric conditions. The CCBS showed moderate correlations with self-reported health status; the mother's sense of empowerment (rho =-0.44); and family cohesion (rho =-0.30). Mothers with a mental health condition recorded significantly higher CCBS scores. CONCLUSIONS: The CCBS is a brief, psychometrically sound instrument that provides clinicians with a new tool that measures a mother's rating of their child's behaviours that are challenging and associated with reduced maternal well-being. The CCBS assists professionals to identify mothers and family situations who may be in need of more support and interventions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".