From Nouveau-Québec to Nunavik and Eeyou Istchee: The Political Economy of Northern Québec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Inuit and the Crees of Quebec have travelled an impressive path from a self-sustaining economy to a land claims economy based mainly on public transfers. But most importantly, they have created two new regions in Quebec: Nunavik and Eeyou Istchee. This article analyzes the political and economic development of these two Quebec regions. After a look at the legacy of the James Bay development and the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, the first modern Canadian treaty, this article endeavours to assess the new development plan announced by Quebec: the Plan Nord. On the surface, the Plan Nord resembles a new incarnation of the James Bay project, but there are many differences: the development is not spearheaded by the Quebec government and, more importantly, Aboriginal leaders are now involved, a good indication of the changes that have occurred in the last forty years. However, does this mean that the North will benefit from the new development? Since the 1940s, all development in Nunavik and Eeyou Istchee has come from the outside. Plan Nord is simply the latest in a long series of exogenous development projects, making it difficult for people in the North to shape their own fate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".