Microencapsulated Medicines for Beneficial Insects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Few veterinary medicines are used for treating invertebrate micro-livestock. We made and tested a specially designed microcapsulated medicament that disguised antifeedant properties of active ingredients and were of appropriate, ingestable sizes to enter the alimentary tracts where the active ingredient was liberated. Menthol is a fumigant used to suppress populations of parasitic tracheal mites in honeybee hives. Mentholated microcapsules, similar in size to pollen, were designed to deliver and liberate menthol into the bees' ventriculus (mid-gut) where it would be transported to the hemolymph (blood) and circulated. MEM (menthol doubly-microencapsulated with zein and stearic acid) was fed in sugar-candy patties to honeybees without the menthol having its usual anti-feedant and irritant effects. In the laboratory, honeybees fed MEM ad libitum in sugar candy patties at menthol concentrations of 5 to 40 mg/g for two days showed about 40% higher mite mortality than did controls (fed sugar candy patty alone). In a commercially operated apiary, feeding a dose of 40 and 80 mg/g MEM in candy patties to colonies 4 times over 1.5 months, kept tracheal mite prevalence significantly below that in controls for at least 4 months. Our technology probably has wider applicability for disease treatment in microlivestock used directly for food or fiber, and possibly in biocontrol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".