The Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Pedometer-Measured Physical Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation results in favorable outcomes across multiple areas, including exercise capacity, dyspnea, and health status. The effectiveness of this intervention on increasing physical activity levels, however, has received less attention. Accordingly, we tested the potential usefulness of a commercially-available pedometer (NL-2000) as an outcome measure for pulmonary rehabilitation. This instrument, which is a uniaxial accelerometer, accurately detects walking activity in healthy adults. Methods: Fifty-five patients with COPD who were referred to participating centers in the Northeast Pulmonary Rehabilitation Consortium (mean age 69 yr, FEV1 45%) were studied after informed consent was obtained. All were given usual outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, with pre- to post-rehabilitation assessments of the six minute walk distance (6MWD), MRC dyspnea, and health status, using a self-administered version of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ). Pedometer activity was measured over a ~ one-week period early in rehabilitation and again for ~ 1 week at the end of rehabilitation. The device was not worn during rehabilitation sessions. Patients recorded in a diary the exact times they wore the device. Pre- to post-rehabilitation changes in NL-2000 counts per hour worn (NL·hr-1) were evaluated, as well as the standard outcome variables (6 MWD, MRC, and CRQ). Results: Improvements were observed in the 6MWD (45 m.), MRC dyspnea (- 0.54 units) and the CRQ total score (10 units) (all, P < 0.001). However, there was no change in NL·hr-1 (30 counts, IP. = 0.11). NL·hr-1 were lower on rehabilitation days than on non-rehabilitation days; after adding this as a covariate, changes in activity became statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that either pedometer activity assessment is relatively insensitive to detecting activity in slow-moving patients with COPD and/or pulmonary rehabilitation has less effect on increasing activity than in improving exercise performance, dyspnea, or health status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".