New nitric oxide (NO) nightglow measurements with SPICAM/MEx as a tracer of Mars upper atmosphere circulation and comparison with LMD‐MGCM model prediction: Evidence for asymmetric hemispheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report observations of NO nightglow with the Spectroscopy for the Investigation of the Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars (SPICAM) experiment on board the Mars Express (MEx) spacecraft. NO molecules emit an ultraviolet photon when N and O atoms (produced at high altitude in the thermosphere) recombine. Therefore, this emission is a tracer of the atmospheric dynamics in the lower thermosphere where O and N atoms are produced, and below, in the altitude region 50–100 km where the emission is detected. A new retrieval method has been developed to analyze the measurements from this instrument in the stellar occultation mode without slit and retrieve the absolute brightness of the emission. We present the results from the processing of more than 2000 orbits, providing the first global latitude‐season distribution of the emission, established over three Martian years. The results are globally consistent with previously available measurements of dedicated limb nightglow obtained during the first Martian year of MEx (MY27). We compared the ensemble of both data sets with the predictions of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Mars General Circulation Model (LMD‐MGCM), with the addition of the full chemistry of N atoms. We find an overall agreement between the observed and modeled airglow intensities, but discrepancies are also found. The frequency and magnitude of the NO airglow observations show important asymmetries between the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. There is no detection of emission near the poles during equinox conditions, while the model predicts that it should be most intense because of a circulation with two descending branches at the poles.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".