DOC export from an upland peat catchment in the Flow Country, northern Scotland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flow Country blanket bogs in northern Scotland are the most expansive in Europe covering an area of ∼4000 km, and they significantly impact the global carbon cycle because of their high rates of carbon production and storage, as well as their role in the transfer of carbon to oceans through rivers or greenhouse gas exchange (Moore et al., 1998). These upland areas are highly susceptible to climatic and landuse changes, and currently, large areas of previously drained and forested peatlands are being felled and blocked to increase the water table level and rejuvenate the peatlands (LIFE Peatlands Project 2001-2006; Holden et al., 2004). This study is examining the event-based export of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) from one of the main upland Flow Country catchments that drains into the north-draining Halladale River. For a time-series of summer rainfall events, we have focussed particularly on a comparison of DOC/POC exports from three different land use areas in the catchment: forested plots, felled to waste (restoration) plots (felled between 2005-2007), and near-pristine bog sites. DOC concentrations have been measured using a combination of methods including TOC and EA analyses, and in situ absorbance measurements using a spectrophotometer (Thurman, 1985; Worrall et al., 2002). Our results show that the stream water draining the felled to waste site records the highest levels of DOC concentration (and DOC variability), and the near-pristine site has the lowest export rate of DOC (and lowest variability). All sites exhibit positive DOC responses to the flood hydrograph, and the near-pristine and forested sites have a similar maximum concentrations of DOC. The felled site concentrations are about 2times greater than the near-pristine and forested sites, and the non-linear response to flow reflects the hydrophobic nature of peats after a period of drought, and the lag time required for them to saturate. The integrated downstream DOC concentrations on forested land and on the main stem of the Halladale River have “forest-like” values reflecting a dilution in DOC concentrations from the felled site, and mixing of stream water from other sources. The initial results from this study imply that i) the felled to waste site (after 2-3 years) releases the highest (up to x2) DOC into stream waters that drain them, ii) DOC concentrations are more sensitive to hydrological variation in sites felled to waste but not yet fully restored, and iii) saturation-excess overland flow is the predominant response of near-pristine site to the rainfall events. References: Holden J., Chapman P.J., and Labadz J.C. 2004. Artificial drainage of peatlands: hydrological and hydrochemical process and wetland restoration. Progress in Phy Geography, 28, 1, pp: 95-123. Life Peatlands Project 2001-2006. www.lifepeatlandsproject.com Moore T.R., Roulet N.T. and Waddington J.M. 1998. Uncertainty in Predicting the Effect of Climatic Change on the Carbon Cycling of Canadian Peatlands. Climate Change, 40, 2, pp: 229-245. Thurman E.M. 1985. Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters. Netherlands, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W.Junk Publishers. Worrall F., Burt T. P., Jaeban R. Y., Warburton ,J. and R. Shedden, 2002. Release of dissolved organic carbon from upland peat. Hydrol. Process. 16, 3487–3504.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".