Cardiovascular Depressor Responses to Stimulation of the Parasubthalamic Nucleus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The parasubthamalic nucleus (PSTN) has been shown to have extensive connections to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). However, the function of PSTN in cardiovascular regulation is unknown. Experiments were done in alpha‐chloralose anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats to investigate the effect of glutamate (Glu; 10 nl, 0.25M) stimulation of PSTN on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Glu stimulation elicited depressor (−22±3 mmHg) and bradycardia (−31±5 bpm) responses. Administration (iv) of atropine methyl bromide attenuated the bradycardia response (−17±7 bpm), but had no effect on the MAP response (−19±5 mmHg). Subsequent iv administration of hexamethonium bromide blocked both the remaining bradycardia and depressor responses. Ipsilateral microinjection of the synaptic blocker CoCl 2 (100 nl) into the caudal NTS region attenuated (60–72%) the depressor and bradycardia responses. These data indicate that activation of PSTN neurons elicit a decrease in MAP due to sympathoinhibition, while the cardiac slowing involves both sympathoinhibition and vagal excitation. In addition, these data suggest that the PSTN depressor effects on the circulation are mediated in part through a connection involving the NTS. Supported by Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".