Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation of Biomolecular Responses of Carbohydrate Structure to Moisture and Dry Heating in Soybean Seed (Glycine max)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The objective of this experiment was to investigate carbohydrate structures of seed tissue affected by different heat processing methods using infrared vibrational molecular spectroscopy. In this study, soybean seeds (two different harvested years; 2008 and 2010) were used as a model to investigate the alteration of inherent structure carbohydrate due to heat treatments. Structural characteristics of the bands in typical infrared molecular spectrum were studied in the region at ca. 1452-1188 cm-1 related to cellulosic and hemicellulosic compounds and the region at ca. 1193-881 cm-1, related to total CHO. Multivariate molecular spectral analyses: Hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were applied to identify heat-induced changes of molecular spectral profiles. Treatments used in this study were raw soybean seeds as control, autoclaved soybean seeds at 120°C for 1 h (HT-1: wet heating) and dry roasted soybean seeds at 120°C for 1 h (HT-2: dry heating). The results showed that the heat treatments did not change spectral profiles of cellulosic, hemicellulosic and total CHO. Based on spectral analysis, CLA and PCA also did not produce any alterations among different treatments in original spectra at cellulosic, hemicellulosic and total CHO regions. In conclusion, the molecular spectral technique with multivariate spectral technique can be considered as a research tool to investigate the magnitude of heat-induced change in carbohydrate molecular structure and other biopolymers in feeds, seed and plant tissues. These techniques could be used in the food and feed industry in which, losing or changing carbohydrate molecular chemistry was able to be detected in rapidly without any destruction and chemical hazardous. Further studies are needed to understand the trend in structural changes by heating with increasing temperature and time of exposure. Keywords: carbohydrate molecular, heat processing, molecular spectroscopy, soybean seed, feeds Animal Production 14(1):23-31, January 2012
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".