Sensitivity of the passive films on <scp>API</scp>‐<scp>X</scp>100 steel heat‐affected zones (<scp>HAZ</scp>s) towards trace chloride concentrations in bicarbonate solutions at high temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the stability and growth of the passive films on the heat‐affected zones (HAZs), of API‐X100 pipeline steel, in dilute bicarbonate solutions containing 100 and 300 ppm chloride ions at 363 K. The investigations were carried out by electrochemical methods, and the kinetics and corrosion rates were evaluated. The HAZs were simulated by thermal Gleeble cycles of heating up to 1223 K peak temperature, followed by cooling at 10, 30, and 60 K/s. The 30 and 60 K/s HAZs showed evidence of thin, highly sensitive passive films towards the increased chloride concentration, and evidence of increased charge‐transfer resistance over immersion time at the OCP conditions. The corrosion rates of the 30 K/s HAZs, of which acicular ferrite is the main constituent, were the lowest, among other samples, as revealed by the slow 0.05 mV/s potentiodynamic polarization and EIS. The passive films of the 10 K/s HAZ, at the open circuit potentials, were of the highest resistance to deteriorate/facilitate for mass transport.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".