A Scale to Assess Student Perceptions of Academic Climates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sandler and Hall (1986) define a chilly academic climate as the "... subtle ways women are treated differently — ways that communicate to women that they are not quite first-class citizens in the academic community" (p. 1). This paper describes the construction of a scale to assess university students' perceptions of the chilly climate. An initial pool of 123 items was refined based on statistical analyses of the responses of 192 students to produce a 28-item Perceived Chilly Climate Scale (PCCS). Factor analysis identified five factors: Climate Students Hear About; Sexist Treatment; Climate Students Experience Personally; Classroom Climate; and Safety. To investigate further the reliability and validity of the scale, the PCCS, an Alienation Scale (Dean, 1961) and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Reynolds, 1982) responses were gathered from 327 students. As expected, the PCCS was significantly related to alienation but unrelated to socially desirable responding. Additional evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the PCCS is presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".