THE DYNAMIC OF THE PROCESS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION: AN ANALYTICAL VIEW ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE POWERS IN BRAZIL AND IN CANADA.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Para entender melhor a posição internacional de um país é importante identificar setores domésticos, lobbies internos e preferências governamentais relacionadas à integração econômica; verificar recursos de naturezas política e técnica que os protagonistas mobilizam para ampliar as bases de legitimidade durante o processo de integração e para garantir a realização de seus interesses e objetivos; e, finalmente, reconhecer quem é quem durante as negociações. A participação de instituições internas que são responsáveis pela condução da política externa é condição sine qua non para a assinatura de acordos internacionais e sua posterior incorporação ao sistema jurídico doméstico. Essas estruturas nacionais e os mecanismos de aprovação de acordos internacionais são distintos entre países e representam papéis fundamentais durante os processos de internalização. Este artigo tem a intenção de analisar as dimensões internas do processo de integração regional, por meio de um estudo sobre o comportamento de instituições nacionais, em particular o papel do Executivo e Legislativo no Canadá e no Brasil. O artigo fornece uma perspectiva sobre países que já são membros de blocos de integração - o Canadá, no North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), e o Brasil, no Mercado Comum do Cone Sul (Mercosul). Finalmente, há uma análise comparativa entre os mecanismos internos de cada país participante. Abstract: in order to better understand the international position of a country it is useful to identify domestic sectors, internal lobbies and governmental preferences related to economic integration; to verify resources of political and technical nature which protagonists mobilize to broaden their bases of legitimacy during the process of integration and also to guarantee the achievement of their interests and objectives; and to recognize who is who during negotiations. The participation of internal institutions that are in charge of the foreign policy is sine qua non for the signing of international agreements and their posterior incorporation into the domestic legal system. These national structures and mechanisms of approval of international agreements are diverse among countries and have major roles during the processes. Hence, this paper sets out to provide an analysis of the internal dimensions of the process of regional integration, through a study about the behavior of national institutions, especially the role of the Executive and Legislative in Canada and in Brazil. It offers an outline of countries that already are members of integration blocs – Canada in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and Brazil in the Common Market of the South (Mercosur). It also furnishes a comparative analysis of the internal mechanisms of each participant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".