Effective lipophilic antioxidant enzymatically derived from Canadian crabapple
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phloridzyl octadecanoate was prepared by enzymatic reaction between the native phloridzin in Canadian crabapple ( Malus baccata) extract and octadecanoic acid in the presence of Candida antarctica lipase. The antioxidant activity of the modified extract was assessed in rapeseed oil during accelerated storage at 65°C and frying at 180°C. Addition of 0.1% modified extract to refined, bleached, and deodorized rapeseed oil significantly improved storage stability with 40.7% decrease in the formation of lipid hydroperoxides at the end of the 7‐day storage compared to rapeseed control sample without extract; however, no significant difference was observed in the potency of the modified extract and that of the native extract. On the contrary, the modified extract offered markedly better protection to the rapeseed substrate during frying, inhibiting polar component formation, and polymerization of triacylglycerol by up to 44%, compared to 26% by the native extract. At the end of the frying, French fries prepared in the presence of modified extract retained significantly more tocopherols than those prepared with the native extract indicating better protection of the oil's endogenous antioxidants by the modified phenolic extract. Practical applications : Poor lipophilicity is a major challenge to the application of natural polyphenolic compounds in edible oils. Equally challenging is the development of natural antioxidants that can maintain effectiveness under the stringent dynamic conditions of frying. Results from the current study demonstrated the possibility of overcoming these challenges, providing food processors with lipophilic natural antioxidants of practical importance in the frying process. Improving the lipophilicity of the polyphenolic components of Canadian crabapple's extract resulted in enhanced antioxidant and antipolymerization activities during frying, with consequent decreased in: Total polar materials (TPM); di‐ and polymerized triacylglycerols (DPTG); formation of non‐volatile carbonyl compounds assessed by the anisidine value (AnV); and rate of endogenous tocopherol degradation. However, no change in activity was observed under storage conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".