Pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical comparative study of the constituent of an antidiabetic polyherbal formulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism and by complications like retinopathy, microangiopathy, and nephropathy.According to WHO, diabetes mellitus will be the single largest noncommunicable disease worldwide by the year 2025 with the largest diabetic population in India. 1 Current pharmaco-therapeutics/medicines are not able to reverse hyperglycemia completely, have limited tolerability, and induce side effects. 2 Neem (Azadirachta indica., Family: Meliaceae, Subfamily: Meliodeae, Order: Meliales is an evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent.It also grows widely in several other countries of Asia, Australia, Africa and Central and South America 3 .More recent studies have focused on animals, including one report which indicates that neem's hypoglycemic effect is comparable to the prescription drug glibenclamide and noted that it may be beneficial in preventing or delaying the onset of disease 4 .Camellia sinensis is commonly known as tea.Tea is the most consumed drink in the world after water.Green tea is a 'non-fermented' tea and contains more catechins than black tea or oolong tea.Catechins are in vitro and in vivo strong antioxidants, there is also epidemiological evidence that drinking green tea (but not black tea or oolong tea) may help prevent diabetes 5 .Asparagus racemosus, traditionally known as shatavari means "who possesses a hundred husbands or acceptable to many".Aspargaceae is an ayurvedic plant with medical importance of tropical and subtropical India.Its medical usage has been reported in Indian & British Pharmacopeias and in traditional system of medicine Ethanol extract of A. racemosus causes lowering the blood sugar level 6 . Materials and Methods Plant materialLeaves of Azadirachta indica, Camellia sinensis and asparagus racemosus were collected in the month of November 2011 from botanical garden of V.B.S.P University campus, Jaunpur, Uttarpradesh India.The plant was authenticated by Dr. A. K. Singh Head of the Department of Botany, T. D. P. G. College, Jaunpur, Uttarpradesh The leaves were cleaned and dried under the shade to avoid degradation of volatile oil. Preparation of plant extract for Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic StudiesThe Azadirachta indica, Camellia sinensis and asparagus racemosus leaves were shade dried at room temperature and the dried leaves were powdered in a Wiley mill.Hundred grams of powdered Azadirachta indica, Camellia sinensis leaves was packed in a Soxhlet apparatus and extracted with water.Hundred grams of powdered asparagus racemosus leaves was packed in a Soxhlet apparatus and extracted with ethanol.The extract was subjected to qualitative test for the identification of various phytochemical constituents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".