Adsorption of Calcium and Magnesium Ions and Thickening Effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Waste water rich in high-concentration Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ in a block of Daqing Oilfield, the influence of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on polymer solution viscosity is considered. To use of sodium humate solution which compound by turf and NaOH complexed Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , reduced the impact of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ on the polymer solution viscosity, so reached oilfield reinjection water viscosity standards. Research show that polymer solution viscosity lossed seriously when Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ content in 0 ~ 200mg / L, viscosity loss rate reached maximum 63.2% and 70.7%, respectively. The adsorption ratio of Ca 2+ reached 77.50% when amount of sodium humate solution were 8mL. Similarly, the adsorption ratio of Mg 2+ reached 83.60% when amount of sodium humate solution were 6mL. This indicated that sodium humate have great adsorption to Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ . Indoor experimental results confirmed the feasibility of using sodium humate complexed Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ to prevent viscosity of polymer solution reduced, and provides a reference for the field test.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".