An epibiont mediated increase in the susceptibility of Mytilus edulis to predation by Nucella lapillus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In marine organisms, the relationship that arises between two individuals where one organism biofouls the surface of a typically larger host organism is defined as epibiosis. Colonization of an organism by an epibiont can severely limit the feeding and reproductive abilities of the host and reduce overall fitness. Therefore, it is important to consider the benefits, if any, that the basibiont gains from this epibiotic relationship. In previous experiments, it was observed that barnacle epibionts protected Mytilus edulis from predation by Carcinus maenas, an intertidal predator. This study uses a choice experiment to deduce whether Semibalanus balanoides can mediate predation by another intertidal predator, the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus. N. lapillus preferred the substrate of barnacle-covered mussels to smooth-surface mussels, however specific preference to predate on these mussels was inconclusive from the results. The presence of S. balanoides on the shell surface of M. edulis decreased defensive behaviors, suggesting that the basibiont may be more vulnerable to predation because of this epibiotic relationship. If so, the relationship may border on parasitism if M. edulis fitness is significantly reduced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".