Survey Comparing Criteria Used by Rural and Urban Primary Care Physicians for Referrals to Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists and Children's Mental Health Agencies in Ontario.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Primary care physicians are the first-line assessors of children's mental health. Previous studies have shown a trend of over-reliance on referrals to child and adolescent psychiatrists and an underutilization of children's mental health agencies. A survey was conducted to a) examine the criteria used by family physicians and primary-care paediatricians in deciding how to refer youth to mental health services, and b) assess interest in developing a set of formal guidelines outlining when to consider referral to child and adolescent psychiatrists and children's mental health agencies. METHOD: A mail-out survey was conducted using elements of the Dillman method. Two regions in Ontario were surveyed, Northwestern Ontario and Middlesex County, allowing for comparison between rural and urban settings. RESULTS: Of the 266 physicians eligible for the study, 116 returned completed surveys, for a response rate of 40%. Awareness and utilization of children's mental health agencies was higher than predicted in both regions. A number of referral trends were identified. A majority of respondents in both regions indicated that they would like a standardized protocol and/or guidelines when referring to both psychiatrists and children mental health agencies. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that, in addition to referring to child and adolescent psychiatrists, the majority of primary care physicians are aware of and utilize children's mental health agencies in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".