From Autonomy to Partial Alignment: National Malaria Programs in the Time of Global Eradication, Brazil, 1941–1961
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article analyses the Brazilian experience in the battle against malaria from 1941, when the Serviço Nacional de Malaria (National Malaria Service) was created and a large-scale national program for malaria control begun, until the end of the Kubitscheck administration (1956-61) when Brazil joined the Global Malaria Eradication Program (MEP), led by the World Health Organization (WHO). We will discuss the relationship between the national program, aimed at controlling--and, in short order, eliminating--malaria using Brazilian strategies and methods and the international health organization's exclusively eradication-based program. Of particular importance is the role played by malariologist Mário Pinotti, who developed a special method for malaria control in the Amazon region, based on chloroquinated cooking salt, and who wielded tremendous political influence upon Brazil's public health path during the 1940s and 1950s. The article also highlights the implications of changes in Brazilian-US relations during the Kubitscheck term for Brazil's adoption of a malaria eradication program according to the WHO model.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it