Improvement in Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Fucntional Capacities after a 3-month home-based Endurance Training in Lung Transplant Recipients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Peripheral muscle dysfunction and reduced exercise capacity are well recognized in lung transplant recipients (LTR) in spite of improved lung function. However, the effect of exercise training in this specific population is still poor studied. We investigated the benefits of training on muscle function and cardio-ventilatory response during exercise in LTR. Methods: Twelve patients after lung transplantation (FEV1: 74 ± 24 % of predicted value) and 12 healthy subjects (C) were studied before and after a 3-month home-based endurance training. Quadriceps strength and fatigability were assessed by maximal twitch tension (TwQ) using magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve and fiber diameters were obtained after biopsy of the vastus lateralis. Cardio-ventilatory responses were measured during both maximal and constant workload (W) cycle exercise and quality of life was assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: At baseline, LTR had lower percentage of type I fibers, TwQ, Wmax, VO2max, VEmax and endurance time than C (< 50% of C each). After training, significant improvement in TwQ (+44 ± 26 N), Wmax (+13 ± 19 W), endurance time (+11.5 ± 11.1 min) and dyspnea score (CRQdyspnea: +3.1 ± 4.4 points) were observed in LTR (p < 0.05). Furthermore, VE was reduced at submaximal (VE at ventilatory threshold: -4.5 ± 6.8 L/min) and constant (65% Wmax) exercise (-6.4 ± 5.2 L/min) (P < 0.05). Decrease in exercise-induced fatigability correlated with decrease in VE at initial maximal workload in LTR (r = 0.72, P = 0.06) and in LTR + C (r = 0.56, P = 0.02) and increase in TwQ correlated to increase in CRQdyspnea in LTR (r = 0.74, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Gains in exercise capacity and in quadriceps strength were observed after endurance training in LTR. The latter may have been involved in improving exercise ventilatory response and dyspnea, supporting the benefit of peripheral muscle strength improvement in exercise tolerance in LTR and even the larger field of chronic respiratory diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".