Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Involvement and Mandibular Growth Following Corticosteroid Injection in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether intraarticular corticosteroid injection (CSI) reduces inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), prevents growth disturbances of the mandibular condyle, and restores normal growth of the mandibular ramus. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of inflammatory activity, TMJ deformity, and mandibular ramus height in 33 children (23 girls, median age 5.2 yrs) over a median period of 5 years following repetitive CSI to the TMJ. RESULTS: Intraarticular location of CSI led to inflammatory grade improvement in 53% at first MRI followup compared to 20% with extraarticular location (p = 0.005), with more improvement of the mean inflammatory grade after intraarticular CSI (p = 0.001). Rate of osseous deformities of the TMJ deteriorated from 51% at study inclusion to 62% at end of observation period, with progression to severe condylar destruction in 26% of joints including 24% with development of intraarticular calcifications/ossifications. Mean short-term growth rates of the mandibular ramus were negative for intraarticular CSI while positive for extraarticular CSI (p = 0.036). Mean longterm mandibular ramus growth rate (0.7 ± 0.8 mm/yr) after CSI was significantly lower than reported normal mean age- and sex-matched growth rate (1.4 ± 0.1 mm/yr, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Despite improving the inflammatory activity as seen on MRI, repetitive CSI to the TMJ does not reach the treatment goals to prevent progressive osseous deformation and to normalize mandibular ramus growth in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".