Mitochondrial uncoupling and remodeling during caloric restriction: Implications for oxidative stress and aging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) mitigates aging; however, mechanisms are poorly understood. The 'uncoupling to survive' theory suggests that mitochondrial uncoupling protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is unclear how uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in skeletal muscle is involved. Objective To characterize the effects of 2 wk 40% CR in wildtype (Wt) and UCP3 transgenic (UCP3 Tg) mice. Hypothesis In an already uncoupled system, CR provides no further ROS protection. Approaches Muscle mitochondria and whole body assessments of UCP3's contribution to uncoupling and oxidative stress. Results In ad libitum fed mice, UCP3 Tg weighed less (p < 0.005; n = 18), had less muscle (p < 0.005; n = 8‐9), expended ~5% more energy and burned more carbohydrate (n = 9) than Wt. UCP3 Tg mitochondria produced less ROS than Wt (p < 0.05; n = 4‐5). CR in Wt mice did not decrease ROS production and increased it in UCP3 Tg (p < 0.05). CR tended to increase UCP3 and ANT in Wt and decrease ANT in UCP3 Tg (n = 3). MnSOD was unchanged in both genotypes, although UCP3 Tg had less MnSOD vs. Wt (p < 0.005; n = 3). Oxidative damage (4‐hydroxynonenal adducts) was unchanged in both genotypes (n = 3). However, 1 mo CR decreased ROS production in Wt, but not in UCP3 Tg mice (n = 2‐4). In summary, 2 wk CR is insufficient in mice, unlike rats (Bevilacqua et al , 2004), to mitigate oxidative stress; 1 mo is effective. Surprisingly, ROS production increases in UCP3 Tg mitochondria with 2 wk CR. Support: NSERC of Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".