Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is now a decade and half since the UK's Conservative Minister of Agriculture, John Gummer, ceremoniously fed his four-year old daughter Cordelia a hamburger to demonstrate the safety of British Beef.Since then 137 British citizens have died from a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), presumably from eating beef infected with bovine spongiform encepholapathy (BSE)-popularly known as "mad cow disease." 2The event has become emblematic of a public policy public relations fiasco.More importantly, it signifies the kinds of dilemmas in the relations between science and regulation, market promotion and consumer protection, public authority and public opinion that riddle contemporary governance.A few years later, an equally provocative symbolic action occurred across the Channel.In the town of Millau in southwest France, an emerging farm and antiglobalization movement, led by a sheep farmer named Jose Bov, used tractors to destroy a McDonalds then under construction.The action of Confdration paysanne was prompted by the imposition of American import duties on French foods like roquefort cheese, mustard, truffles, and foie gras in retaliation for a European Union ban on American hormone-treated beef.Again, the action symbolized the political and social tensions surrounding the public regulation of food.Banned by the European Union (EU)as a potential health risk, the U.S. and Canada claimed that the EU ban on hormonetreated was merely disguised trade protectionism.Although the World Trade Organization (WTO) disagreed that the ban was protectionist, it ruled the ban was not finally resolved" (Schn and Rein 1994, 4).They argue that "intractable policy controversies" require special attention because they cannot be resolved by allowing politics-as-usual to take its course. 8Organizational errors can often be rationalized as "operator errors" or minimized as "one-off" events.See, for instance, Sagan (1993). 9See the discussion on input-and output-legitimacy by Skogstad (2003).10 See the discussion by Hellstrm and Jacob (2001, 95-7) on the failure of risk communication in the BSE case.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".