Effect of Gravity on the Macroscopic Advancing Contact Angle: An Experimental Investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The contact angle of an advancing sessile drop on a solid surface is important in many natural and industrial processes. This work is to study the effect of gravity on the advancing contact angle for a sessile drop. Purified water (millipore direct-Q) has been used as the liquid in this experiment. Teflon-coated silicon wafers were used as solid substrates. Images of the advancing drop were taken during the reduced gravity period. The advancing rates of the three-phase contact line were 6.5-9.0 mm/min. The high linear regression coefficient indicated that the advancing rate of the three-phase contact line can be considered almost constant for a particular pumping speed. Similar experiments were also performed on ground for comparison. The contact angles for the reduced gravity images were calculated by two different methods. The first method is axisymmetric drop shape analysis-profile (ADSA-P). The second method, geometrical relations for a spherical cap were used to calculate the contact angle from the images of the drop. The results were good agreement indicating that gravitational effects were negligible compared to surface effects. The average of the advancing contact angle in reduced gravity was 121/spl deg/. The average of ground-based contact angles was 126/spl deg/. The results show that, for water sessile drops on Teflon-coated silicon wafers, the advancing contact angle in the reduced gravity environment is less than the advancing contact angle in 1-g by about 5/spl deg/. The irreproducibility of the contact angle might be due to airplane vibration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".