Bibliographic record
Abstract
Various ethnic groups have brought their cultural traits with them to Canada and left on the Canadian landscape imprints ranging from visible features such as farm patterns, house forms, restaurants and folk festivals to invisible impressions such as aroma, music and languages.Not the least of these groups, the Chinese people created a unique urban enclave which is commonly known as "Chinatown."Traces of Chinese imprints are most apparent and numerous in British Columbia, where nearly all the Chinese in Canada came and settled during the three decades between the late 1850s to the 1880s.British Columbia had and still has the largest number of Chinese people in Canada (fig. 1).In 1971, their population in the province numbered 44,315, which represented about 37 percent of the total Chinese population in the country. 2 The purpose of this paper is to study various forms of Chinese imprints in British Columbia.Chinese imprints in the province can be classified into four main groups.The first and most apparent group includes many tangible and relatively permanent features such as buildings constructed and decorated in Chinese styles, Chinese social and educational institutions, vegetables that originated in China, and the like.The architectural features of "Chinatown" are characterized by recessed balconies, upturned eaves and roof corners, extended eaves covering the main balcony, and structural components such as tiled roofs and circular, moon-shaped windows and doors (fig.2).Dominant motifs are dragons, phoenixes, lions and tigers, which are carved or painted on columns, walls and shop signs.Imperial gold, mandarin red, emerald green, golden yellow and other brilliant colours are used to highlight the decorative details.Signboards, street signs, advertisements and notice boards are written both in Chinese characters and English letters.Pagodas, lanterns, bowls and chopsticks and other typical Oriental objects are the ornamented components commonly used 1 Acknowledgement is given to the University of Victoria for its financial support in this research project. 2 Census of Canada, 1971 Bulletin 1-32, Table 2, p. 2-1.20
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".