Quality and Safety Assessment of Traditional Smoked Fish from Lagos State, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the quality and safety status of traditional smoked of fish from Lagos State, Nigeria. Fresh fish samples (100) (Silver catfish, Spotted tilapia, Bonga shad, Nigerian tongue sole and Guinea barracuda) were collected from twenty fishing/processing centres from Badagry and Epe Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. The samples were divided into two batches, one batch was smoked with drum kiln and the second batch was taken to the laboratory for analysis. Laboratory analyses were carried out on the two batches for: proximate (protein, fat, moisture, crude fibre, and ash), quality indices (peroxide value PV, thiobarbituric acid TBA, total nitrogen base-nitrogen TVB-N, trimethylamine acid TMA, free fatty acid FFA and pH), heavy metals and microbiological (coliform, fuugi, listeria monocytogenes salmonella paratyphi and staphylococcus aureus). The results of the proximate, quality and microbiological analyses revealed that there was significant variations (p<0.05). T he mean m oisture content of fresh fish samples ranged from 73.48% – 75.94% and that of smoked fish samples ranged from 11.86% - 13.41% . The mean protein content of fresh fish samples ranged from 15.18% – 17.96% and that of smoked fish samples ranged from 54.80% – 59.35%. An inverse relationship was observed between the moisture and protein content in the smoked fish samples. The study showed that smoking affects quality and significantly (P<0.05) reduced the moisture content of smoked fish and the quality indices such as FFA, TBA and PV. The study concluded that the levels of the four heavy metals investigated in the fish samples are generally below the maximum permissible levels set by World Health Organization for Pb (0.3 ppm); Cd (0.2 ppm), Hg (0.2 ppm) and Cr (0.5 ppm) and hence pose no risk to smoked fish consumers . However, samples of smoked fish showed presence of Listeria monocytogenes which may constitute a threat to public health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".