Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work formed part of a multi disciplinary research programme conducted 25 km offshore of Kuujjuarapik in southeastern Hudson Bay (Canadian Arctic). Large differences in salinity and nutrient concentration between brine, ice and under-ice surface water were used to study the different phases observed during the period of melt initiation. We present a discussion of processes governing the flushing of brine and the development of a melt layer below first-year sea ice. Phosphate, nitrate + nitrite and silicic acid distributions within the first 30 cm below the ice are described. Three distinct steps were observed during the melt initiation: a phase of brine rejection; a phase of flushing associated with the development of a buoyant melt layer rich in nutrients; and a phase of melt of the ice-water interface characterized by the development of a melt layer poor in nutrients. The flux of brine during the four days of brine flushing was estimated at 0,009 m(3)/day/m(2) (i.e. equivalent to a melt rate of 9 mm/day). Our findings confirm that exchanges between the water column and the sea-ice sheet are dominated by tidal current fluctuations. The increase of current velocities provoked the pumping of a fraction of the bottom-ice brine content and a dissipation of vertical structures. Low tidal velocity periods created conditions suitable for the development of a melt layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.989 | 0.990 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".