Role of leukocyte accumulation and oxygen radicals in ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in skeletal muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of leukocytes and nonleukocyte-derived reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) in reperfusion-induced skeletal muscle injury was determined. Male rats received 2 h no-flow hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R, n = 6) or were rendered neutropenic via antineutrophil serum (ANS) before I/R (I/R + ANS, n = 5). Oxygen radicals in the absence of neutrophils were tested by administration of dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (I/R + ANS + DMTU, n = 5). Perfused capillaries (CD(per)) and rolling (L(r)), adherent (L(a)), and extravasated leukocytes (L(e)) in the extensor digitorum longus muscle were measured every 15 min during 90 min of reperfusion using intravital microscopy. The vital dyes bisbenzimide (BB) and ethidium bromide (EB) provided direct measures of tissue injury (EB/BB). CD(per) decreased immediately on reperfusion in the I/R and I/R + ANS groups. CD(per) in the I/R + ANS + DMTU group remained at baseline throughout reperfusion. L(a) increased in the I/R group; however, EB/BB was the same between I/R and I/R + ANS groups. Injury in the I/R + ANS + DMTU group did not differ from other groups > or =60 min, after which EB/BB became significantly lower. L(e) did not differ between groups and was highly correlated to tissue injury. The results suggest that L(e) lead to parenchymal injury, and ROMs lead to perfusion deficits during the early reperfusion period after ischemia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".