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Setting upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">J</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:math>using the first science data from the GEO 600 and LIGO detectors
B. Abbott, R. Abbott, R. X. Adhikari, A. Ageev, B. Allen, R. Amin, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Araya, H. Armandula, F. Asiri, P. Aufmuth, C. Aulbert, Рамачандран Баласубраманиан, S. Ballmer, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, C. Barker-Patton, M. Barnes, B. Barr, M. A. Barton, K. Bayer, Raymond G. Beausoleil, Krzysztof Belczyński, R. Bennett, S. J. Berukoff, J. Betzwieser, B. Bhawal, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, E. Black, K. Blackburn, B. Bland-Weaver, B. Bochner, L. Bogue, R. Bork, S. Bose, P. R. Brady, V. B. Braginsky, J. Brau, D. Brown, S. Brozek, A. Bullington, A. Buonanno, R. Burgess, D. Busby, William E. Butler, Robert L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, J. B. Camp, C. A. Cantley, L. Cardenas, K. Carter, M. M. Casey, J. Castiglione, A. Chandler, J. Chapsky, P. Charlton, S. Chatterji, Y. Chen, V. Chickarmane, A. Taracchini, N. Christensen, D. Churches, C. N. Colacino, R. L. Coldwell, M. Coles, D. Cook, T. R. Corbitt, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, D. R. M. Crooks, P. Csatorday, B. J. Cusack, Curt Cutler, E. D’Ambrosio, K. Danzmann, R. Davies, E. J. Daw, D. DeBra, T. Delker, R. DeSalvo, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, H. Ding, R. W. P. Drever, R. J. Dupuis, C. Ebeling, Jeffrey A. Edlund, P. Ehrens, E. J. Elliffe, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, Carsten Fallnich, D. Farnham, M. M. Fejer, M. Fine, L. S. Finn, Éanna É. Flanagan, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, K. S. Ganezer, J. A. Giaime, A. Gillespie, Keisuke Goda, J. M. Gonzalez Castro, S. Goßler, P. Grandclément, A. Grant, C. Gray, A. M. Gretarsson, D. Grimmett, H. Grote, S. Grünewald, M. Guenther, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, W. O. Hamilton, M. Hammond, J. Hanson, C. Hardham, I. W. Harry, A. Hartunian, J. Heefner, Y. Hefetz, Gerhard Heinzel, I. S. Heng, M. Hennessy, N. Hepler, A. Heptonstall, M. Heurs, M. Hewitson, Neil Hindman, P. Hoang, J. Hough, M. Hrynevych, W. Hua, Richard Ingley, Masahiro Ito, Y. Itoh, A. Ivanov, O. Jennrich, W. W. Johnson, W. R. Johnston, Lynne Jones, Dieter Jungwirth, V. Kalogera, E. Katsavounidis, K. Kawabe, Seiji Kawamura, W. Kells, Jonathan Kern, A. Khan, S. Killbourn, C. J. Killow, Charles Kim, C. King, P. J. King, S. Klimenko, P. Kloevekorn, S. Koranda, K. Kötter, J. Kovalik, D. B. Kozak, B. Krishnan, M. Landry, John Langdale, B. Lantz, R. Lawrence, A. Lazzarini, Mingxing Lei, V. Leonhardt, I. Leonor, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, P. E. Lindquist, S. Liu, J. Logan, M. Lormand, M. Lubinski, H. Lück, T. T. Lyons, B. Machenschalk, M. MacInnis, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, Walid A. Majid, M. Malec, F.M. Mann, A. Marin, S. Márka, E. Maros, James Mason, K. Mason, O. Matherny, L. Matone, N. Mavalvala, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, M. McHugh, P. W. McNamara, G. Mendell, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, S. Miyoki, Soumya D. Mohanty, G. Moreno, K. Mossavi, B. Mours, G. Mueller, S. Mukherjee, J. Myers, S. Nagano, T. Nash, Holger Naundorf, R. K. Nayak, G. Newton, F. Nocera, P. Nutzman, T. Olson, B. O’Reilly, D. J. Ottaway, Adrian C. Ottewill, D. Ouimette, H. Overmier, B. J. Owen, M. A. Papa, C. Parameswariah, V. Parameswariah, M. Pedraza, M. Pitkin, M. V. Plissi, M. R. Pratt, V. Quetschke, F. J. Raab, H. Radkins, R. Rahkola, M. Rakhmanov, Shanti Rao, D. Redding, M. W. Regehr, T. Regimbau, K. T. Reilly, K. Reithmaier, D. H. Reitze, S. Richman, R. Riesen, K. Riles, Anthony Rizzi, D. I. Robertson, N. A. Robertson, L. Robison, S. Roddy, J. G. Rollins, J. D. Romano, Haisheng Rong, D. Rose, E. Rotthoff, S. Rowan, A. Rüdiger, P. Russell, K. Ryan, I. Salzman, G. H. Sanders, V. Sannibale, B. S. Sathyaprakash, P. R. Saulson, R. L. Savage, A. Sazonov, R. Schilling, Kevin C. Schlaufman, V. Schmidt, R. M. S. Schofield, M. Schrempel, B. F. Schutz, P. Schwinberg, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, B. Sears, S. Seel, A. S. Sengupta, Charles Shapiro, P. Shawhan, D. H. Shoemaker, Q. Z. Shu, A. Sibley, X. Siemens, L. Sievers, D. Sigg, A. M. Sintes, K. D. Skeldon, J. R. Smith, M. Smith, P. Sneddon, Robert Spero, G. Stapfer, K. A. Strain, D. Strom, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, M. C. Sumner, P. J. Sutton, Julien Sylvestre, Akiteru Takamori, D. B. Tanner, H. Tariq, Ian Taylor, R. Taylor, K. S. Thorne, M. Tibbits, S. Tilav, Massimo Tinto, K. V. Tokmakov, C. Torres, S. Traeger, G. Traylor, W. Tyler, D. Ugolini, M. Vallisneri, M. van Putten, S. Vass, A. Vecchio, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyachanin, L. Wallace, H. Walther, R. L. Ward, Brent Ware, K. Watts, D. Webber, A. Weidner, U. Weiland, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, H. Welling, L. Wen, S. Wen, J. T. Whelan, S. E. Whitcomb, B. F. Whiting, P. A. Willems, P. R. Williams, R. Williams, B. Willke, A. Wilson, B. J. Winjum, W. Winkler, S. Wise, A. G. Wiseman, G. Woan, R. Wooley, J. Worden, I. Yakushin, H. Yamamoto, S. Yoshida, I. Zawischa, L. Zhang, N. Zotov, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology · 2004
Typearticle
Languagelv
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersAustralian Research CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaAlfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Science FoundationJohn Simon Guggenheim Memorial FoundationDavid and Lucile Packard Foundation
KeywordsLIGOGravitational wavePhysicsPulsarGravitational-wave observatoryNull (SQL)InterferometryDomain (mathematical analysis)AlgorithmAstrophysicsMathematical analysisAstronomyComputer scienceMathematicsDatabase
Abstract
Data collected by the GEO 600 and LIGO interferometric gravitational wave detectors during their first observational science run were searched for continuous gravitational waves from the pulsar $\mathrm{J}1939+2134$ at twice its rotation frequency. Two independent analysis methods were used and are demonstrated in this paper: a frequency domain method and a time domain method. Both achieve consistent null results, placing new upper limits on the strength of the pulsar's gravitational wave emission. A model emission mechanism is used to interpret the limits as a constraint on the pulsar's equatorial ellipticity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.014
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.020
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.307
Teacher spread0.282 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations215
Published2004
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes