International Public Administration Reform: Implications for the Russian Federation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper was produced by the World Bank Russia public administration reform team in response to a request from the Russian Federation Government. It has benefited from discussions in a series of initial seminars held in December 2000 in Moscow and from subsequent detailed discussions in Moscow over the period January 2001 to June 2002 with officials and experts engaged on preparing the Russian Federation's Civil Service Reform Program. Experts from the Russian State Service Academy, the Higher School of Economics, Moscow State University, the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Experts for Labor Foundation, the Institute for Economies in Transition, the State University of Management and the Siberian State Service Academy participated in the seminars and subsequent discussions, as did officials from the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, the Ministry for Labor and Social Development, and representatives from the Administration of the President.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".