Effects of surface wettability on fast liquid transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A systematic experimental study was performed to understand the role of surface contact angles in affecting the process of fast liquid transfer. Surfaces with different wettabilities were used, and the transfer ratio (α, the amount of liquid transferred to the acceptor surface over the total amount of liquid) was measured for each pair of surfaces. A numerical model based on the volume of fluid method was developed to help understand the experimental results. The surface wettability was shown to significantly affect the boundaries between three regimes based on stretching speeds: quasi-static (surface force dominated), transition (surface/viscous/inertia forces all important) and dynamic (viscous/inertia forces dominated). Specifically, the values of the boundary speeds were found to increase with |α0 − 0.5|, where α0 is the transfer ratio in the quasi-static regime, and α0 is governed by the surface receding contact angles. Based on our results, an empirical equation to describe the transfer ratio as function of stretching speed was proposed. This equation can also be used as a prediction tool for the value of α for a fast transfer system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".