Chemistry at The University of Western Ontario – A brief history
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A brief institutional history of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, from the founding of the university in 1878 until modern times is presented. After its beginnings as a subject taught to medical students, chemistry began to achieve independent status with the construction of a dedicated sciences building in 1924. Growth remained slow until government began to fund university education, and science studies, more generously in the 1950s. Emphasis on research and knowledge creation followed and major funding for infrastructure and senior faculty followed in the 1960s, when Western mined commonwealth sources for researchers of exceptional potential. The arrival of the baby boom generation in the late 1960s forced another expansion of chemistry faculty and staff. Later in the 20 th century, a number of specialized and interdisciplinary chemical subspecialties, such as the Centre for Chemical Physics, the Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Madison, Wisconsin, Surface Science Western, and Interface Science Western, were created under the direction of several visionary chemists. An evolution of investigative interests continues in the 21 st century, together with a departmental commitment to outstanding teaching and postuniversity career preparation for its students. After producing its first publication in 1915, the department published its 6000 th in 2012, signaling a strong century of growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".