Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents five cases representing fluoride problems - damage to farmlands, fruits, forests and indigenous plant life, and to farm animals and humans. The first and second cases concern about the aluminium smelters near Fort William and Kinlochleven in Scotland and in Troutdale, Oregon (USA), respectively, were principally related to fluoride toxicity to human and other animals, including livestocks. The effects of fume dispersion of aluminium smelter at Kitimat, British Columbia (Canada) on forest trees and lichen population, and insect ourbreaks are considered as the third case. The next case investigates air pollutant emissions from the industrial complex at Cubatão, São Paulo, Brazil and their effects on human health, vegetation, and on biological indicators and biomonitors. The last case involves a natural source of fluoride (e.g. volcanoes). The distribution of tephra from the eruption of Mt Hekla and other Icelandic volcanoes and the fluoride problems (i.e. dental lesions) following eruptions are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".