Cyclosporine A inhibits in vitro replication of betaretrovirus associated with primary biliary cirrhosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Up to one-third of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) experience recurrent disease following liver transplantation, which is associated with earlier and more severe recurrence in patients treated with tacrolimus as compared with cyclosporine A (CsA). As the latter has known antiviral activity, we hypothesized that CsA has the ability to inhibit the betaretrovirus characterized from patients with PBC. METHODS: We investigated whether CsA, the cyclosporine analogue NIM811, tacrolimus and other compounds can modulate the mouse mammary tumour virus production from Mm5MT cells. Viral load was evaluated in the cell supernatants by quantifying reverse transcriptase (RT) levels and betaretrovirus RNA. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed with increasing concentrations of CsA and NIM811, and decreasing of RT levels (rho-0.59, P=0.04 and rho-0.74, P=0.006 respectively), whereas tacrolimus had no significant effect (rho-0.27, P=0.4). At a dose of 3 microg/ml, CsA, NIM811 and the human immunodeficiency virus aspartyl protease inhibitor, lopinavir, were all associated with greater than three-fold reduction in the betaretrovirus RNA production from Mm5MT cells as compared with tacrolimus (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that the cyclophilin inhibitors CsA and NIM811 have antiviral activity against betaretrovirus production in vitro.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".